Raoul Hausmann and Photomontage: A Shift in Art's Paradigms
A study of Dada Siegt! through sociohistorical, psychoanalytic, and reception-theory frameworks.
Before the First World War, art largely served as an aesthetic escape for the European bourgeoisie. The collapse of that surface, brought on by the war and the founding of the fragile Weimar Republic, opened the conditions for Dada. This paper takes Raoul Hausmann's 1920 photomontage A Bourgeois Precision Incites a World Movement (also known as Dada Siegt!) as a case study for how the Berlin Dadaists transformed art from decorative object into social critique.
Through the lens of sociohistorical, psychoanalytic, and reception-theory art historical methods, and engaging with scholars including Matthew Biro, Emily Hage, Timothy O. Benson, and Ruth Henig, the paper situates Hausmann within the Berlin Dada collective and examines how fragmentation, hierarchical disorder, and the merging of human and mechanical imagery operated as a direct critique of bourgeois society and the Weimar regime. Particular attention is paid to Biro's concept of the "cyborg self" and to Hausmann's dual role as visual artist and editor of Der Dada, where his photomontages and his "textual collages" share the same logic of disruption.
Comparing Dada Siegt! to Adolph Menzel's Flute Concerto of Frederick the Great in Sanssouci, the paper argues that Hausmann's photomontage is not merely an experiment in collage but a foundational document of the twentieth-century avant-garde, one that anticipates Surrealism and reframes the relationship between art, politics, and mass media.